Life of Grant Chronology



Life of Ulysses S. Grant Chronology



1821, June 24 - Marriage of Jesse Root Grant and Hannah Simpson.

1822, April 27 - Hiram Ulysses [later Ulysses Simpson] Grant was born at Point Pleasant, Clermont Comity, Ohio.

1823 - His family removed to Georgetown, Brown County.

1836-7 - Spends winter at Maysville, Kentucky, attending the Seminary.

1838- 9 - Attends boarding school at Ripley.

1839 - Appointed to United States Military Academy at West Point and registers as Ulysses S. Grant, a name he will continue to use for the rest of his life.


Ulysses S. Grant United States Military Academy, West Point, Graduate Picture


1843 - Graduated twenty-first in a class of thirty-nine, and reported for duty as brevet second lieutenant, Fourth Infantry, at Jefferson Barracks, near St. Louis.

1844 - Service at Natchitoches.

1844, February - He meets Julia Dent. 

1845 - Engagement to Miss Julia Dent.

1845, October 1 - Full second lieutenant, Seventh Infantry, at Corpus Christi, Texas.

1846, May 8 - His first battle, Palo Alto. His second the following day at Eesaca de la Palma.

1846 - September 21-23 - Gallant conduct at Monterey. Appointed Quarter-Master and Commissary of regiment.

1847, March 29 - Was at Vera Cruz under General Scott.

1847, April 18 - Was in battle of Cerro Gordo, and August 20th in those of San Antonio and Churubusco. Regimental quartermaster.

1847 - September 8 -  Brevetted first lieutenant for gallant and meritorious conduct at Marina-del-Rey.

1847 - September 12-13 - Was in battle of Chapultepec.

1847 - September 13 - Brevetted captain for gallant conduct at Chapultepec.

1847 - September 16 - Full first lieutenant.




1848, August 22 - Marries Julia B. Dent, of St. Louis. Stationed at Detroit and Sacketts Harbor.

1852, June - Ordered to Pacific Coast.

1852, September - Stationed at Columbia Barracks (Fort Vancouver).

1853, August 5 - Promoted to full Captain.

1853, October - Stationed at Fort Humboldt.

1854 - Resigned from the army

1854-59 - Farmer near St. Louis, Mo and  then enters the Real Estate business with Julia's cousin

1860-61 – Father offers him a job at the family’s leather goods store for $800 a year and he moves to Galena, Illinois.

1861, April 18 - Was made chairman of a meeting at Galena to raise volunteers. Vainly sought a commission in the army until June 16th.  Appointed colonel of the Twenty-first Illinois Volunteers.

1861, July - Marches into Missouri

1861, August 9 - He is  appointed Brigadier-general by President Lincoln making Grant a Brigadier General of Volunteers dated retroactively to May 17, 1861.  In command at Ironton, Jefferson City, Cape Girardeau and Cairo.  

1861, September 4 - Occupies Cairo.

1861, September 6 - Seizes of Paducah.

1861, November 17 - Grant's first engagement as General ordering his Union forces raid the Confederate camp at Belmont.   His troops fall back when they counterattack. Grant's horse is shot from under him in the retreat and loss. 

1862 - Capture of Fort Henry.

1862, February 16 - Grant Captures Fort Donaldson, the first Union victory of strategic importance in the war. He becomes nationally famous with his dispatch, "No terms except immediate and unconditional surrender. I propose to move immediately upon your works."

1862, February 16 - Promoted to the grade of a two star Major-General of volunteers.

1862, April 6-7 - Surprised at the Battle of Shiloh buts holds Union ground on the second day

1862, October 3-5 - Commands engagements at Corinth

1862, December 20  - His first failure against Vicksburg precipitated by the capture of his base at Holly Springs.

1863, January 30 - Assumes command opposite Vicksburg.

1863, February-April - Attempted various routes to invest Vicksburg.

1863, April 30 - Crossed to the Vicksburg side of the river.

1863, May 12- May 17  - Grant moves between two wings of the enemy and routes them both defeats the enemy at Jackson, Champion Hill and Big Black River.  Two days later he fails at two frontal Vicksburg attacks and settles into siege.

1863, July 4 - Vicksburg Surrenders and Grant is recognized as an exception Union General.  

1863, Summer - Grant falls from a fractious horse in New Orleans, and spends the summer with his family in a house near Vicksburg. He is bedridden for weeks and is forced to use crutches into October.  He is placed in charge of Military Division of the Mississippi and then on October 22 takes command of Chattanooga.

1863, November – Wins the Battle of Chattanooga, which culminates in Union victories at Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge.   

1863, November 24-25 - Won the Battle of Chattanooga.

1864, March 2 - Appointed Lieutenant-General of the Armies of the United States a rank revived for him.


The Peacemakers by George Peter Alexander Healy (1818–1894) White House copy of the 1868 painting. Sherman, Grant, Lincoln, and Porter aboard the River Queen on March 27th & March 28th, 1865.



1864, March 12 – Lincoln appoints Grant General in Chief of all U.S. armies. 

1864, May 5-6 - Fights General Lee in the battle of the Wilderness and Union forces lose the men as the CSA.




1864, May 8-21 - Battle of Spotsylvania and Grant is thwarted by Lee with inconclusive battle results.

1864, May 23-26 - Battle of North Anna commences which is a series of small actions near the North Anna River in central Virginia.

1864, May 31-June 12 - Battle of Cold Harbor becomes one of America’s bloodiest, most lopsided battles as thousands of Union soldiers were killed or wounded in a hopeless frontal assault against Robert E. Lee’s   fortified Confederate  Army positions.


General Ulysses S. Grant at Cold Harbor 


1864, July-April 1865 - Operations round Petersburg campaign was nine months of trench warfare in which Union forces commanded by Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant assaulted Petersburg unsuccessfully and then constructed trench lines that eventually extended over 30 miles (48 km) from the eastern outskirts of Richmond, Virginia, to around the eastern and southern outskirts of Petersburg. Petersburg was crucial to the supply of Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's army and the Confederate capital of Richmond. Numerous raids were conducted and battles fought in attempts to cut off the railroad supply lines through Petersburg to Richmond, and many of these caused the lengthening of the trench lines, overloading dwindling Confederate resources.

1865, April 1 - Battle of Five Forks is known as the "Waterloo of the Confederacy", pitted Union Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan against Confederate Maj. Gen. George E. Pickett of Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. Pickett's loss at Five Forks triggered Lee's decision to abandon his entrenchments around Petersburg and begin the retreat.

1865, April 3 - The Union Army pursues, and engages the Confederates in the Battle of Namozine Church  (April 3) and the Battle of Amelia Springs (April 5), Lee discovered that his route to Danville was blocked by fast-moving Union cavalry under Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan



1865, April 6 - Battle of Sailor's Creek was the last major engagement between the armies of Gen. Robert E. Lee and Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant.  Lee’s only remaining option was to move west on a long march, without food, to Lynchburg. 

1865, April 9 - After the bulk of Lee's remaining army crossed the Appomattox River, Longstreet's rear guard burned the bridges behind them. The Union II Corps managed to extinguish the blazes on two of the bridges, and they crossed the river and caught up with the Confederates at Farmville. Fitzhugh Lee's cavalry was able to hold off the Union infantry until nightfall, but Lee was forced to continue his march to the west under this pressure, depriving his men the opportunity to eat the Farmville rations they had waited so long to receive. 






In Lee's final stand, Maj. Gen. John B. Gordon's depleted corps and Fitzhugh Lee's cavalry formed line of battle at Appomattox Court House. Robert E. Lee determined to make one last attempt to escape the closing Union pincers and reach his supplies at Lynchburg. At dawn the Confederates advanced, initially driving back Sheridan's cavalry. However, the arrival of Grant's infantry—the Union V Corps—stopped the advance in its tracks. Lee's outnumbered army was now surrounded on three sides. Lee surrendered his army at 3 p.m., accepting the terms Grant had proposed by letter the previous day

1865, April 14th - Assassination of Lincoln.

1866, July 25 - Appointed General of the Armies of the United States

1867-8, August 12-January 14 - Appointed and serves as Secretary of War ad interim.

1868, May 19 - Was unanimously nominated for President at the National Republican Convention in Chicago.


Ulysses S. Grant and Schuyler Colfax Campaign Poster 


1868, November 3 - Grant is elected  with 52.7% of the popular vote and won by a landslide in the Electoral College with 214 votes to Horatio Seymour's 80 votes.

1869, March 4 - Inaugurated at President of the United States.

1869, September 24 - The "Black Friday" financial panic takes place in New York City. Grant finally orders a large sale of $4 million in gold, ruining many speculators.  

1869, November 29 - President Grant's private secretary Orville Babcock signs a treaty to annex Santo Domingo of the West Indies, and a second document to lease Samana Bay. US Senate defeats the annexation.

1870, January 11 - Grant vetoes the Private Relief Bill  

1870, March 30 - Black male suffrage becomes universal when the Fifteenth Amendment is adopted with Grant's help and approval.

1870, May 24 - Grant issues a proclamation against the Fenian Brotherhood plan to attack Canada.

1870, May 30 - Congress makes it a federal crime to deprive anyone of his civil or political rights by interfering with the right to vote.

1870, June 22 - Congress passes an act creating a Department of Justice under the direction of an attorney general.

1870, July 14 - A new tariff is passed extending existing protectionist features.

1871, February 28 - The Federal Election Law passes, calling for federal supervision of elections in cities with populations greater than 20,000.


Red Cloud  visited President Grant at the White House in May, 1870.

1871, March 3 - An Indian Appropriation Act is passed ending all tribal recognition, the treaty system and all. Indians are made wards of the federal government.

1871, March 4 - The first civil service commission is established by Grant.

1871, May 8 - The Treaty of Washington is signed between the United States and Britain. Treaty provides for an arbitration procedure to settle the Alabama claims and renews Canadian-American fishing arrangements.

1871, October 12 - Grant issues a proclamation against the Ku Klux Klan in South Carolina.

1872, April 15 - Grant vetoes a Private Pension Bill.

1872, June 5-6 - The Republican National Convention nominates Grant for reelection and Senator Henry Wilson for vice president. In July Democratic National Convention nominates New York Tribune editor Horace Greeley for President and Missouri Governor Benjamin Gratz Brown for vice president.

1872, September 14 - Treaty of Washington panel requires  Britain pay the United States $15.5 million in gold to settle the Alabama claims, in which the United States sought damages from  Britain for allowing Confederate vessels to be built and equipped in England. The payment is made within one year without protest.


Grant Wilson Campaign Print, Armstrong & Co, for the 1872 Republican national ticket. The armored figure of Liberty stands between portraits of presidential candidate Ulysses S. Grant and running mate Henry Wilson. Grant's portrait is adorned with oak leaves and Wilson's with olive or laurel branches. On the left are military paraphernalia associated with Grant--rifles, a cannon, and a sword. Beyond is a log cabin. On the right are a writing desk and the Constitution. In the distance is a view of the U.S. Capitol. Below, before the two portraits, is a shield inscribed "Let Us Have Peace. The Nation's Choice. Novr. 1872." "Let us have peace" were the closing words in Grant's May 29, 1868, letter accepting his first presidential nomination. The phrase became a Republican slogan for both the 1868 and 1872 elections.


1872, November 5th - Grant is reelected with 55.6 percent of the popular vote and 214 electoral votes to Greeley's 80.

1873, February 12 - A coinage act passed by Congress omits silver currency due to scarcity.

1873, March 3 - Congress passes an appropriations bill raising senior government salaries and providing two years' back pay for members of Congress.

1873, March 4 - Grant is inaugurated for his second term as President  with   Henry Wilson sworn in as Vice President.

1874, January 20 - The Congress salary bill of March 3, 1873, is repealed. The President and Supreme Court justices are exempted from the repeal.

1874, April 22 - Grant stops a $100 million dollar increase in the US money supply by vetoing the inflation bill.

1874, September 15 - Grant issues a presidential proclamation and  sends five thousand troops and three gunboats to New Orleans  for the dispersal of the rebellious "White League." in Louisiana. The resistance breaks-up two days later.

1784, November election - Democrats win big in the midterm congressional elections, gaining seats in the Senate and a majority in the House.

1875, January 10 - The Hawaiian Reciprocity Treaty is signed, and the islands become a protectorate of the United States.

1875, January 14 - Grant sends a special message to Congress approving The Specie Resumption Act.

1875, March 1 - Grant approves  the Civil Rights Act of 1875, prohibiting the exclusion of blacks from juries and guaranteeing blacks equal rights in public places

1875, November 22 - Henry Wilson, Vice President of the United States dies.

1875, December 7 - In his annual message to Congress, Grant advocates compulsory nonsectarian education.


Tatanka Iyotaka  1830-1890  Hunkpapa Sioux Leader and Medicine Man


1876, June 25 - 265 men of the Seventh Cavalry are killed in a battle with Sitting Bull's Sioux Indians at Little Big Horn.

1876, August 1 - Colorado is admitted to the Union as the thirty-eighth state.

1877, January 29 - Both parties in Congress agree to establish a commission to determine results of the contested presidential election in which Hayes disputes the returns from Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina. The commission is composed of five members of each house of Congress and five members of the Supreme Court. The commission contains eight Republicans and seven Democrats.

1877, February 26 - The Compromise of 1877 is approved with Democrats withdrawing opposition to Hayes and federal troops are removed from Louisiana and South Carolina.

1877, March 4 -  After further actions by Congress on the compromise Rutherford B. Hayes is approved by both houses and  privately sworn in as the nineteenth President of the United States.

1877, May 17 - Sailed from Philadelphia on his journey round the world.

1879, December 16 - Landed at Philadelphia from his journey.

1880 - A Third Term Grant Movement, "the 306," invests in Grant and Ward.

1883, December 24 – Grant is injured by a fall on ice.

1884, May 6 - Failure of the Marine Bank and of Grant & Ward. Grant writes articles for Century Magazine.




1884, June  - Grant accepts the offer of Mark Twain  to write his memoirs.  Twain writes of Grant after publishing his memoirs after his death: 


"I had been comparing the memoirs with Caesar's Commentaries... I was able to say in all Apologetic forms that the same high merits distinguished both books - clarity of statement, directness, simplicity, manifest truthfulness, fairness and justice toward friend and foe alike and avoidance of flowery speech. General Grant was just a man, just a human being, just an author...The fact remains and cannot be dislodged that General Grant's book is a great, unique and unapproachable literary masterpiece. There is no higher literature than these modest, simple Memoirs. Their style is at least flawless, and no man can improve upon it."

1884, November - Grant suffers from cancer of throat.

1885, March 4 - Was placed on the retired list with the rank of general.

1885, July 23 - Ulysses S. Grant died at Mount McGregor, near Saratoga, New York.




1897 - The President's remains are re-interred  into an imposing Mausoleum on Riverside Drive, New York City known as Grant's Tomb.

1902, December 14th - Julia Dent Grant's death.  The First Lady is entombed with her husband at the Mausoleum that is officially known as: General Grant National Memorial.


 The Congressional Evolution of the United States of America 

Continental Congress of the United Colonies Presidents 
Sept. 5, 1774 to July 1, 1776


September 5, 1774
October 22, 1774
October 22, 1774
October 26, 1774
May 20, 1775
May 24, 1775
May 25, 1775
July 1, 1776

Commander-in-Chief United Colonies & States of America

George Washington: June 15, 1775 - December 23, 1783



Continental Congress of the United States Presidents 
July 2, 1776 to February 28, 1781

July 2, 1776
October 29, 1777
November 1, 1777
December 9, 1778
December 10, 1778
September 28, 1779
September 29, 1779
February 28, 1781



Presidents of the United States in Congress Assembled
March 1, 1781 to March 3, 1789

March 1, 1781
July 6, 1781
July 10, 1781
Declined Office
July 10, 1781
November 4, 1781
November 5, 1781
November 3, 1782
November 4, 1782
November 2, 1783
November 3, 1783
June 3, 1784
November 30, 1784
November 22, 1785
November 23, 1785
June 5, 1786
June 6, 1786
February 1, 1787
February 2, 1787
January 21, 1788
January 22, 1788
January 21, 1789


Presidents of the United States of America

D-Democratic Party, F-Federalist Party, I-Independent, R-Republican Party, R* Republican Party of Jefferson & W-Whig Party 


(1789-1797)
(1933-1945)
(1865-1869)
(1797-1801)
(1945-1953)
(1869-1877)
(1801-1809)
(1953-1961)
 (1877-1881)
(1809-1817)
(1961-1963)
 (1881 - 1881)
(1817-1825)
(1963-1969)
(1881-1885)
(1825-1829)
(1969-1974)
(1885-1889)
(1829-1837)
(1973-1974)
(1889-1893)
(1837-1841)
(1977-1981)
(1893-1897)
(1841-1841)
(1981-1989)
(1897-1901)
(1841-1845)
(1989-1993)
(1901-1909)
(1845-1849)
(1993-2001)
(1909-1913)
(1849-1850)
(2001-2009)
(1913-1921)
(1850-1853)
(2009-2017)
(1921-1923)
(1853-1857)
(20017-Present)
(1923-1929)
*Confederate States  of America
(1857-1861)
(1929-1933)
(1861-1865)

Chart Comparing Presidential Powers Click Here

United Colonies and States First Ladies
1774-1788


United Colonies Continental Congress
President
18th Century Term
Age
09/05/74 – 10/22/74
29
Mary Williams Middleton (1741- 1761) Deceased
Henry Middleton
10/22–26/74
n/a
05/20/ 75 - 05/24/75
30
05/25/75 – 07/01/76
28
United States Continental Congress
President
Term
Age
07/02/76 – 10/29/77
29
Eleanor Ball Laurens (1731- 1770) Deceased
Henry Laurens
11/01/77 – 12/09/78
n/a
Sarah Livingston Jay (1756-1802)
12/ 10/78 – 09/28/78
21
Martha Huntington (1738/39–1794)
09/29/79 – 02/28/81
41
United States in Congress Assembled
President
Term
Age
Martha Huntington (1738/39–1794)
03/01/81 – 07/06/81
42
07/10/81 – 11/04/81
25
Jane Contee Hanson (1726-1812)
11/05/81 - 11/03/82
55
11/03/82 - 11/02/83
46
Sarah Morris Mifflin (1747-1790)
11/03/83 - 11/02/84
36
11/20/84 - 11/19/85
46
11/23/85 – 06/06/86
38
Rebecca Call Gorham (1744-1812)
06/06/86 - 02/01/87
42
02/02/87 - 01/21/88
43
01/22/88 - 01/29/89
36

Constitution of 1787
First Ladies
President
Term
Age
April 30, 1789 – March 4, 1797
57
March 4, 1797 – March 4, 1801
52
Martha Wayles Jefferson Deceased
September 6, 1782  (Aged 33)
n/a
March 4, 1809 – March 4, 1817
40
March 4, 1817 – March 4, 1825
48
March 4, 1825 – March 4, 1829
50
December 22, 1828 (aged 61)
n/a
February 5, 1819 (aged 35)
n/a
March 4, 1841 – April 4, 1841
65
April 4, 1841 – September 10, 1842
50
June 26, 1844 – March 4, 1845
23
March 4, 1845 – March 4, 1849
41
March 4, 1849 – July 9, 1850
60
July 9, 1850 – March 4, 1853
52
March 4, 1853 – March 4, 1857
46
n/a
n/a
March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865
42
February 22, 1862 – May 10, 1865
April 15, 1865 – March 4, 1869
54
March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1877
43
March 4, 1877 – March 4, 1881
45
March 4, 1881 – September 19, 1881
48
January 12, 1880 (Aged 43)
n/a
June 2, 1886 – March 4, 1889
21
March 4, 1889 – October 25, 1892
56
June 2, 1886 – March 4, 1889
28
March 4, 1897 – September 14, 1901
49
September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1909
40
March 4, 1909 – March 4, 1913
47
March 4, 1913 – August 6, 1914
52
December 18, 1915 – March 4, 1921
43
March 4, 1921 – August 2, 1923
60
August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1929
44
March 4, 1929 – March 4, 1933
54
March 4, 1933 – April 12, 1945
48
April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1953
60
January 20, 1953 – January 20, 1961
56
January 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963
31
November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1969
50
January 20, 1969 – August 9, 1974
56
August 9, 1974 – January 20, 1977
56
January 20, 1977 – January 20, 1981
49
January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1989
59
January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993
63
January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001
45
January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2009
54
January 20, 2009 to date
45



Capitals of the United Colonies and States of America

Philadelphia
Sept. 5, 1774 to Oct. 24, 1774
Philadelphia
May 10, 1775 to Dec. 12, 1776
Baltimore
Dec. 20, 1776 to Feb. 27, 1777
Philadelphia
March 4, 1777 to Sept. 18, 1777
Lancaster
September 27, 1777
York
Sept. 30, 1777 to June 27, 1778
Philadelphia
July 2, 1778 to June 21, 1783
Princeton
June 30, 1783 to Nov. 4, 1783
Annapolis
Nov. 26, 1783 to Aug. 19, 1784
Trenton
Nov. 1, 1784 to Dec. 24, 1784
New York City
Jan. 11, 1785 to Nov. 13, 1788
New York City
October 6, 1788 to March 3,1789
New York City
March 3,1789 to August 12, 1790
Philadelphia
Dec. 6,1790 to May 14, 1800       
Washington DC
November 17,1800 to Present




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